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Civilian Complaint Review Board
The Civilian Complaint Review Board traces its origins to 1953, when the NYPD created it as an internal committee of three deputy police commissioners with no civilian members; a mid-1960s effort by Mayor John Lindsay to add civilians was reversed by a citywide ballot measure pushed by the police union. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council remade the CCRB into its current all-civilian form, independent of the police department, with subpoena power and the authority to recommend discipline in substantiated police-misconduct cases.
What's working
- What percent of officers disciplined (excluding pending and filed cases)?: 92% — increasing sharply after NYPD ended a practice of dismissing cases on a technicality
- On average, what is the mediation case completion time?: 68 days — decreasing since a COVID-era case backlog cleared in FY23
- How many administrative prosecution cases were closed?: 322 cases — increasing since CCRB adopted NYPD's Disciplinary Matrix in FY24
- and 3 more below
What's getting worse
- What percent of full investigations as a percentage of total cases closed?: 33% — decreasing as complaints against officers surged 60% and outpaced staffing
- What percent of substantiated cases in which the statute of limitations expired?: 1.1% — decreasing since a pandemic-era statute-of-limitations pause ended in FY23
- How long does it take to complete a full investigation?: 430 days — misses target by 10 days
- and 1 more below
Critical indicators
With a numeric target
How long does it take to complete a full investigation?
430 daysMisses target by 10 days
How long does it take to complete a full investigation?
430 daysMisses target by 10 days
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual | Target |
|---|---|---|
| FY22 | 591 days | 120 days |
| FY23 | 484 days | 120 days |
| FY24 | 404 days | 420 days |
| FY25 | 424 days | 420 days |
| FY26 (YTD) | 430 days | 420 days |
430 days in FY26 — missed the City's own target for this indicator (10 days above the 420 days target), though it has trended toward improvement over the past 3 years of reported data.
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
What percent of closed allegations with findings on the merits?
77%Beats target by 22%
What percent of closed allegations with findings on the merits?
77%Beats target by 22%
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual | Target |
|---|---|---|
| FY22 | 55% | 55% |
| FY23 | 66% | 55% |
| FY24 | 72% | 55% |
| FY25 | 73% | 55% |
| FY26 (YTD) | 77% | 55% |
77% in FY26 — met the City's own target for this indicator (22% above the 55% target), and it has trended toward improvement over the past 3 years of reported data.
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
What percent of full investigations as a percentage of total cases closed?
33% — decreasing as complaints against officers surged 60% and outpaced staffingMisses target by 7%
What percent of full investigations as a percentage of total cases closed?
33% — decreasing as complaints against officers surged 60% and outpaced staffingMisses target by 7%
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual | Target |
|---|---|---|
| FY22 | 52% | 40% |
| FY23 | 50% | 40% |
| FY24 | 45% | 40% |
| FY25 | 40% | 40% |
| FY26 (YTD) | 33% | 40% |
CCRB's full-investigation rate has fallen for three straight years even as the agency closes more cases overall, because complaints filed against NYPD officers jumped roughly 60% between fiscal 2022 and 2025. With that surge outpacing staffing, a growing share of complaints closed as "unable to investigate" (up 43% in FY25 alone) due to budget constraints or unavailable witnesses, pulling down the percentage that get a full investigation.
Researched July 15, 2026 — CCRB, Fiscal 2025 Mayor's Management Report, CCRB, Fiscal 2026 Preliminary Mayor's Management Report
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
On average, what is the mediation case completion time?
68 days — decreasing since a COVID-era case backlog cleared in FY23Beats target by 52 days
On average, what is the mediation case completion time?
68 days — decreasing since a COVID-era case backlog cleared in FY23Beats target by 52 days
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual | Target |
|---|---|---|
| FY22 | 434 days | 120 days |
| FY23 | 93 days | 120 days |
| FY24 | 76 days | 120 days |
| FY25 | 85 days | 120 days |
| FY26 (YTD) | 68 days | 120 days |
The fiscal 2022 figure of 434 days was inflated by a COVID-19-era backlog: CCRB mediators were only able to resume in-person mediations in the second half of fiscal 2022, so many pandemic-delayed cases closed that year with unusually long completion times. Once mediation activity normalized, average completion time dropped 79% to 93 days in fiscal 2023 and has stayed in that range since.
Researched July 15, 2026 — CCRB, Fiscal 2023 Mayor's Management Report
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
What is the mediation satisfaction rate?
81%Misses target by 13%
What is the mediation satisfaction rate?
81%Misses target by 13%
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual | Target |
|---|---|---|
| FY22 | 98% | 94% |
| FY23 | 93% | 94% |
| FY24 | 69% | 94% |
| FY25 | 63% | 94% |
| FY26 (YTD) | 81% | 94% |
This indicator has swung sharply within the lookback window — a simple up/down label would oversimplify it, so no trend badge is shown here. See the chart and table above for the full picture.
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
How long does it take to complete a substantiated investigation?
472 daysBeats target by 8 days
How long does it take to complete a substantiated investigation?
472 daysBeats target by 8 days
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual | Target |
|---|---|---|
| FY22 | 614 days | 140 days |
| FY23 | 455 days | 140 days |
| FY24 | 437 days | 480 days |
| FY25 | 489 days | 480 days |
| FY26 (YTD) | 472 days | 480 days |
472 days in FY26 — met the City's own target for this indicator (8 days below the 480 days target), and it has trended toward improvement over the past 3 years of reported data.
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
What percent of substantiated cases in which the statute of limitations expired?
1.1% — decreasing since a pandemic-era statute-of-limitations pause ended in FY23Misses target by 1.1%
What percent of substantiated cases in which the statute of limitations expired?
1.1% — decreasing since a pandemic-era statute-of-limitations pause ended in FY23Misses target by 1.1%
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual | Target |
|---|---|---|
| FY22 | 1.1% | 0% |
| FY23 | 6% | 0% |
| FY24 | 0.8% | 0% |
| FY25 | 0.6% | 0% |
| FY26 (YTD) | 1.1% | 0% |
The fiscal 2023 spike to 6% was driven by the end of a pandemic-era pause: CCRB had temporarily suspended the statute-of-limitations clock during COVID-19, but that moratorium ended about a month before fiscal 2023 began, causing a backlog of pandemic-delayed cases to hit their legal deadline at once. The rate has stayed below 1.5% in every year since.
Researched July 15, 2026 — CCRB, Fiscal 2023 Mayor's Management Report
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
Without a numeric target
What percent of officers disciplined (excluding pending and filed cases)?
92% — increasing sharply after NYPD ended a practice of dismissing cases on a technicality
What percent of officers disciplined (excluding pending and filed cases)?
92% — increasing sharply after NYPD ended a practice of dismissing cases on a technicality
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual |
|---|---|
| FY22 | 54% |
| FY23 | 47% |
| FY24 | 55% |
| FY25 | 53% |
| FY26 (YTD) | 92% |
The share of officers disciplined after a substantiated complaint stayed low (47-55%) from fiscal 2022 through 2025 largely because NYPD's Department Advocate's Office was increasingly dismissing cases as "Short SOL" -- meaning discipline wasn't pursued because CCRB's recommendation came too close to an 18-month legal deadline -- with 890 cases dismissed this way in 2024 alone. Police Commissioner Jessica Tisch ended that practice in the second quarter of 2025, and CCRB reports discipline and concurrence rates for non-prosecuted cases more than tripled afterward, which is reflected in the fiscal 2026 jump to 92%.
Researched July 15, 2026 — CCRB Annual Report 2025, CCRB, Fiscal 2026 Preliminary Mayor's Management Report
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
How many administrative prosecution cases were closed?
322 cases — increasing since CCRB adopted NYPD's Disciplinary Matrix in FY24
How many administrative prosecution cases were closed?
322 cases — increasing since CCRB adopted NYPD's Disciplinary Matrix in FY24
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above. The dashed marker projects a full-year estimate at the current year-to-date pace.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual |
|---|---|
| FY22 | 63 cases |
| FY23 | 187 cases |
| FY24 | 380 cases |
| FY25 | 310 cases |
| FY26 (YTD) | 322 cases |
| FY26 (projected) | ~429 cases |
Administrative prosecution cases closed grew nearly six-fold from fiscal 2022 to 2024 largely because CCRB adopted NYPD's Disciplinary Matrix in fiscal 2024, which standardized penalties and automatically routed certain categories of cases to CCRB's prosecution unit, expanding its caseload. The fiscal 2025 dip to 310 still left the total far above pre-2024 levels.
Researched July 15, 2026 — CCRB, Fiscal 2025 Mayor's Management Report
Why this is tracked
Earlier review boards were staffed partly or entirely by police officers, undermining public trust that misconduct complaints would be handled impartially. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council created the modern, fully civilian CCRB via City Charter amendment, giving it subpoena power, in part to obtain video evidence from media outlets, and authority to recommend discipline in substantiated cases. The reform faced intense resistance, including a September 1992 protest at City Hall where thousands of off-duty officers blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board was underfunded in its early years, with adequate funding not arriving until 1997 under Mayor Giuliani.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia
How many outreach presentations were conducted?
637 presentations
How many outreach presentations were conducted?
637 presentations
* Year to date — this fiscal year isn't complete, so it's not compared against prior years in the target/trend status above. The dashed marker projects a full-year estimate at the current year-to-date pace.
View as table
| Fiscal year | Actual |
|---|---|
| FY22 | 853 presentations |
| FY23 | 1,039 presentations |
| FY24 | 1,134 presentations |
| FY25 | 920 presentations |
| FY26 (YTD) | 637 presentations |
| FY26 (projected) | ~849 presentations |
637 presentations in FY26 — has no numeric target set by the City, and it has trended toward improvement over the past 3 years of reported data.
Why this is tracked
The CCRB in its current all-civilian form dates to 1993, when Mayor David Dinkins and the City Council amended the City Charter to create an independent board made up entirely of private citizens, ending a prior model where police officers reviewed complaints against other police officers. The change was fiercely contested: in September 1992 thousands of off-duty officers protested at City Hall and blocked the Brooklyn Bridge. The board did not receive adequate funding until 1997. Because CCRB's value depends on New Yorkers actually knowing it exists and understanding how to file a complaint, public education is treated as a distinct function of the agency, not an afterthought to its investigative work.
History - NYC Civilian Complaint Review Board, New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board - Wikipedia